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Phoenicia-Tyre
Hadrian conferred on Tyre the title of metropolis. Later, in reward for the support which Tyre gave to Septimius Severus
against Pescennius Niger (involving the burning of the city by Niger's troops) it was made a colony with the Ius Italicum.
At the initiation of Elagabalus' reign, Tyre was still a Colony and initially most of Elagabalus' reverse legends read
SEPT IM TVRO (or TVR), with COL or COLO in the exergue. However, it was later suppressed by Elagabalus and its status as
Colony was revoked; probably because the legate of the Third Legion (Gallica) attempted to usurp the empire and his legion
(which we know from the coins was quartered at Tyre) was temporarily broken up
After the suppression, the reverse legends under Elagabalus read TVRIORVM.
Tyre was reinstated as a colony early in the reign of Severus Alexander.
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Trajan, AR Didrachm, 103, Fifth Consulate, Phoenicia-Tyre
AYTOKP KAIC NEP TPAIANOC CEB GERM DAK
Laureate head right, aegis on left shoulder
DHMAPX EX YPATE
Eagle standing left on ground line, wheat stalk over shoulder, club in right field
20mm x 23mm, 6.01g
Prieur 1485 (Population 5)
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Geta, AR Tetradrachm, 209-212, Phoenicia-Tyre
AYT KAI-GETA CEB
Laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right, seen from front
. DHMAPX EX YPATOCTO B .
Eagle standing facing, head left, tail left, wings spread, standing on club, murex shell between legs
25mm x 27mm, 13.65g
Prieur 1540 (Population 11)
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Autonomous Civic Issue, AE12, Year 243 (117/118 AD), Phoenicia-Tyre
Turreted bust of Tyche right, palm over shoulder
Astarte standing left on galley, patera in right hand, standard in left
Phoenician date above galley to left, Tyre monogram to right
12mm, 1.94g
Lindgren III 1467
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Autonomous Civic Issue, AE12, Year 243 (117/118 AD), Phoenicia-Tyre
(No legend)
Turreted bust of Tyche right, palm over shoulder, border of dots
(No legend)
Astarte standing left on galley, patera in right hand, standard in left, border
of dots
Phoenician date above galley to left, Tyre monogram to right
13mm, 2.05g
Lindgren III 1467
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Elagabalus, AE27, 218-222, Phoenicia-Tyre
IMP CAES M AV ANTONINVS AV
Laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right
[TVRI_O]RVM
Two baetyls (the Ambrosial Rocks) on a basis, between them, olive tree
Dog to right finding murex shell in exergue
BMC Phoenicia, Supplementary Plate XLIV, 7
The foundation myths of Tyre and its cult are found in Nonnos and in Philo Byblius of the 4th century. They tell of an oracle instructing
the first men on earth to build a ship and land on floating rocks, designated as ambrosial rocks, on which grew an olive tree
harboring an eagle and a serpent and enveloped by a fire that did not consume its branches. They were to then capture and sacrifice the
eagle. The first men carried out the instruction, then the floating rocks became fixed and Tyre was founded.
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Trebonianus Gallus, AE27, 251-253, Phoenicia-Tyre.
...TR_EB GALLVS AVG Laureate,
cuirassed bust right, drapery over left shoulder. COL T_VRO METRO
Dido standing right, sacrificing over lit altar, temple of Hercules at
upper right displaying his club in doorway, murex shell in lower right field.
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